Noisy Neighbors?

NOT WITH GAME CHANGING AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE TECHNOLOGY

The introduction of the Bombardier CSeries in 2014 will bring the first application of the next generation of engines for narrow-body aircraft, the Pratt & Whitney PurePower 1000G geared turbofan.  The combination of a new engine and an advanced high technology airframe will generate a very substantial change in the environmental impact of airplanes, the largest we’ve seen since the first generation noisy cigar tube engines were replaced by high bypass engines in the 1980s.  [Read more...]

A350 Roll Out

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They say a picture is worth a thousand words.  There is no argument that Airbus’ A350 is a beautiful airplane.  The roll out of MSN001, fresh from the paint shop, is an important milestone. Airbus reports the painting was completed in less than seven days and followed recent completion of MSN001’s flight-test-instrumentation (FTI) verification. Last month the aircraft underwent engine installation and passed a subsequent intensive phase of ground vibration tests. MSN001 will soon start the final tests before its maiden flight this summer. [Read more...]

The Coming Bubble in Narrow-Body Aircraft

Airlines and aircraft manufacturers periodically get into trouble when they over-commit to new aircraft and the OEMs raise production rates to levels that are unsustainable. We believe that another bubble situation is currently developing, and will result in an oversupply of narrow-body aircraft, lower residual values, earlier retirements of current generation aircraft, and will negatively impact the leasing market. [Read more...]

Boeing 777X EIS keyed to engine development

Engine development progress is a key driver to the entry-into-service timeline for Boeing’s proposed 777X Family.5-2-2013 8-32-18 AM

Boeing says EIS is toward the end of 2019. We understand this is late 2019, and given program delays for the 787 and 747-8, customers we talk with believe early 2020 is more likely. A public presentation by a GE Aviation official gives the clearest indication yet of the timelines.

The GE9X will be the sole-source engine for the three 777X models: the 777-9X, with the 2019 EIS; and the 777-8X “standard” and the 7778LX long range models that follow by about 20 months. The 9X will be an entirely new category airplane, for which Airbus will not have a competitor. It’s envisioned as a 406 passenger aircraft, which slates it just inside the Very Large Aircraft transport category (more than 400 seats) now occupied by the 747-8i (nominally 467 seats) and the A380 (525 seats).

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With engine certification listed by GE as 2018, aircraft certification typically follows by about a year.

The 777-8X is conceived as a 350 passenger aircraft, directly competing with the Airbus A350-1000. The 8X is slightly smaller than the 365-passenger 777-300ER, and in previous customer conferences didn’t meet with much enthusiasm. But there will be long routes that won’t support the much larger 9X, and Boeing needs a competitor to the 1000, which in Boeing’s own analysis acknowledges will have about 20% better trip costs than the -300ER. (Airbus claims 25%.)

The 777-8LX will be the replacement for the 777-200LR and will meet the requirements of Emirates Airlines, which seeks a plane capable of going from Dubai to Los Angeles non-stop with a full payload–something no airplane today can do.

Press reports recently quoted Emirates president Tim Clark as saying he needs some more information before gearing up to order the aircraft. Emirates is widely considered to be a key launch customer for the 777X; he’s previously indicated he would place a launch order for 100.

 

It’s unclear whether there will be any specific announcement at the Paris Air Show in connection with the 777X. But we fully expect orders or commitments to be announced this year that will amount to several hundred.

The Significance of the British Airways A350-1000 Order

British Airways, through its parent, International Airline Group (IAG) confirmed the rumored selection of the A350-1000 for the British Airways fleet.  The order is for 18 firm orders plus 18 options as the carrier continues its long-haul fleet renewal and growth strategy.

The A350-1000 models will likely replace older Boeing 767 and 777 aircraft currently in service.  IAG, in this transaction, also secured future commercial terms and delivery slots for Iberia, which will be converted to firm orders after a successful restructuring at Iberia.

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Several elements of this order are quite significant:

1. This is somewhat a conquest for Airbus, as BA has been primarily  a Boeing 747, 767 and 777 operator for long-haul services.  While BA has had A380s on order since 2007, they have not yet taken their first deliveries.  With a second wide body type, Airbus will be well positioned with BA.

2. BA, as a key 777 customer, was a key target for the 777-X.  While the 777-X will be a larger aircraft than the A350-1000, it should have more competitive aircraft mile economics and better seat-mile economics, given its larger size, when introduced.  Was it simply timing for deliveries, or other factors that caused BA to move away from Boeing?

3. BA also has the Boeing 787 or order, but is yet to receive their first aircraft.  Given the massive delays, compensation negotiations, and continuing difficulties with that aircraft, could there have been an impact that crossed over from the 787 and caused a key customer to move to Airbus?

4. Of course, the A350 has Rolls Royce engines, which are British.  However, in recent years, airlines have been moving away from national content being a factor in aircraft decisions.

5. This order also includes delivery positions and commercial terms for Iberia, when the airline completes its restructuring and is ready to re-fleet.  We assume that IAG, negotiation for both carriers, reached a more favorable price point with the potential for a larger number of aircraft.  Could this 36 aircraft deal become 50, or even 72?  Quite likely.

The recent trend of primarily Boeing customers including Airbus in their fleet plans is growing.  The order at American Airlines seemed to break a logjam, with several all-Boeing carriers, including Norwegian and Lion Air, choosing Airbus.  The competition is getting hotter.  With Japan Air Lines now reportedly interested in the A350, could another long-term Boeing customer convert to Airbus?  It will be interesting to watch.

Airbus, Boeing Single Aisle Battle Intensifies

The battle between Airbus and Boeing is especially intense in the single-aisle market, for which more than new 20,000 aircraft are required over the next 20 years.

In the 100-210 seat market, examining the Big Two OEMs only, Airbus currently has roughly a 60% market share of the backlog for the A320ceo/neo. Boeing’s 737NG and 737 MAX has the rest. (China’s COMAC C919, Russia’s Irkut MS-21 and Bombardier’s CSeries, for purposes of this post, are excluded.)

Airbus scored a coup when it announced the long-expected order for more than 200 ceos and neos from LionAir, up to now an exclusive Boeing customer. This follows inroads into former exclusive Boeing customers, notably Norwegian Air Shuttle and American Airlines, each for large numbers. Boeing, to be sure, sold the 737 MAX to each of these carriers, but losing exclusivity is a blow to Boeing prestige.

Boeing scored with a large order for 737NGs from Ryanair, an exclusive Boeing customer. The quantity–174–is impressive but the cantankerous CEO of Ryanair, Michael O’Leary, wasn’t expected to do anything else. Although he publicly flirted with COMAC, nobody (including Boeing) took his tease seriously. Airbus won’t deal with him, having been played for a stalking horse in the past. That left Boeing. While all that truly counts is the revenue and backlog, Boeing would dearly like to pick off an Airbus customer (see below).

But O’Leary by-passed the 737 MAX. Vocal in his disdain for the MAX as not efficient enough, O’Leary prefers cheap prices to premium ones that accompany the MAX. That MAX continues to trail NEO by substantial numbers rankles. Boeing officials push the story that the MAX is more efficient and costs less than the NEO, which Airbus charges to be outright lies (see Pinocchio), but the numbers that matter most are the sales figures, and for this Airbus is the clear winner.

Boeing’s argues that its 737 is 8% more efficient on a per seat basis than the A320, and it doesn’t matter whether it is the NG vs the ceo or the MAX vs the NEO. The key difference, of course, is that the 737-800/8 nominally carriers 12 more passengers in two classes than the Airbus. Airbus argues that the delta is closer–about seven seats–but we think Boeing has the stronger point on this metric.

Airbus and Boeing, and Pratt & Whitney and CFM, engage in a war of words over the fan diameter of the NEO vs the MAX. Airbus and PW say the larger fan on the PW Geared Turbo Fan is more efficient than the somewhat smaller CFM on the NEO and the sharply smaller fan on the MAX. Boeing and CFM say the CFM LEAP-1B is optimized for the MAX and will produce equal, improved fuel consumption to the GTF. (Noticeably absent from the debate is CFM’s comparison of the NEO LEAP to the NEO GTF or the MAX LEAP. Airbus says the GTF is about 1.5% more fuel efficient than the NEO LEAP.)

For all the manufacturer rhetoric, customers tell us the A320ceo and 737-800 are within two percent of each other on operating costs, in favor of the -800; the 737-900ER is better than the A321ceo and the A319ceo is better than the 737-700. For the re-engined models, nobody pays attention to the A319neo or 737-7; the RE MAX and NEO maintain the status quo; and the A321neo is better than the 9 MAX.

Boeing hopes to flip easyJet, once a Boeing customer but in recent years exclusively Airbus. easyJet says if Boeing is sporty enough on pricing, it can win the current competition. We hear Boeing may well be sporty enough. Whether Airbus will be more sporty remains to be seen.

The Race to Paris

 

Progress is being made on both the Airbus A350 and Bombardier CSeries, each of which are scheduled for first flights in June.

Airbus has installed the Rolls Royce Trent XWB engines and Honeywell APU on its first A350 this week on MSN0001, its first flight test vehicle.  It should soon be ready for power-on and initial ground testing.

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Bombardier has completed wing static testing, after previously testing a 3/4 scale version, clearing a potential certification hurdle.  With the engines already installed on FTV001 at the March 7th rollout, Bombardier has now achieved power-on for initial ground testing prior to first flight.

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Right now, it is hard to give either airplane an advantage in the race to first flight.  They are neck and neck coming into the home stretch!  While it is not a race, both companies realize the there will be significant positive press from being first to fly, and each are pushing the schedule to the degree possible.

Of course, this is the stage at which the “unknown unknowns” begin to emerge, but to date, both programs, despite earlier delays, appear to be avoiding the lengthy problems that were experienced by A380 and 787.  Hopefully, progress will continue smoothly and we will see an on current schedule EIS for both airplanes.

Another CSeries milestone

Bombardier announced today that their CSeries Flight Test Vehicle achieved a milestone. The announced successfully completed the first full powering on of the main electrical distribution system on the first CSeries flight test vehicle (FTV1) is one of the many significant milestones. Additionally Bombardier confirmed a wing down-bending static test was successfully concluded on the Complete Airframe Static Test (CAST) article.

An increasingly confident Bombardier is starting to transmit program messages more frequently. We, and many others, wondered about the paucity of program news. This phase seems to be ending with growing news feeds from the program as the company hits each new milestone. It would seem that we can expect even more of these news flashes as the program gets closer to first flight.

Another feature of the growing confidence should flow through to the numerous LoI holders. Bombardier has a number of customers who have kept their names private. Ostensibly to ensure the “game changing” CSeries does not telegraph the news to competitors. As the program nears first flight we expect to see more of these names made public. Even if competitors were to learn of CSeries orders now, those who face the airplane in the market will be able to do little about it. Airbus and Boeing competitive products are increasingly hard to acquire as these companies have long lead times on orders because of full backlogs.

CSeries program manager Rob Dewar is also growing more ebullient. “The powering on of the main electrical distribution system on FTV1 was one of the most exciting milestones so far in the CSeries aircraft development program and will now allow powering of all sub-systems and for the avionics suite testing. The last significant test on the CAST article – the down-bending test on the wing – was completed in late March, and we are thrilled with the analysis and feedback from the team, which allows progression to the next experimental phase. These are all important activities that will lead to the CSeries aircraft’s safety-of-flight permit. The build of the flight test vehicles, the static airframe testing and the systems tests are all advancing to schedule. We are very satisfied with the CSeries aircraft’s excellent progress and weekly achievements as we advance solidly towards first flight”.

Is the A350 Order by JAL a Rebuke to Boeing?

Several international press reports today indicate that Japan Air Lines is about to break its all-Boeing fleet and order aircraft from Airbus. Reuters is reporting that the order will be for 20 Airbus A350 -1000 aircraft with an order valued at $4.3 billion at list prices. These aircraft will replace Boeing 777 aircraft currently in its fleet.

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Given the traditionally strong, and nearly exclusive relationship between Boeing and JAL for wide body airliners in recent years, and the penchant of JAL to historically buy American, this appears to be another major breakthrough for Airbus.   Airbus has been seeking a relationship with the major carriers in Japan, unsuccessfully, for the last two decades. This appears to be a major breakthrough for Airbus, providing the platform they have been seeking to generate further market growth.

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The question now is whether this order is something that would have occurred anyway in the routine order of business, or whether this may be a rebuke to Boeing by JAL as a result of problems with the 787 and how Boeing has handled those problems, specifically in Japan. We know that confidence in the 787, both from airline and consumer preference perspectives, has been negatively impacted by the recent grounding.

Could this also be a reaction to the current negotiations with Boeing over compensation? Industry rumors that Boeing’s offer was much lower than the Japanese expected could also be a potential factor in the JAL decision process.  When a longstanding customer takes his business elsewhere, the key is finding the reason behind the move.  While the A350-1000 is likely to be an excellent airplane, Boeing would likely have countered with 777-X as a 777 replacement in discussions with JAL.  Could Airbus have purchased an order with low pricing?  While Airbus has been discounting A330s in competition with the 787, we have seen no need for Airbus to heavily discount the A350, as the aircraft has strong demand.

Clearly, this is a huge potential win for Airbus, and a significant blow to Boeing, who have benefited by significant Japanese content on their aircraft with major orders from ANA and JAL. The question now moves to the longer-term relationships.  If outsourcing content to Japan will no longer result in orders, will Boeing reconsider its supply chain for 777-X and future 787 models, or bring some work back in house?

There were several reasons Boeing held its press conference to announce the 787 battery fix in Japan. This order may be the first indication of how the continuing 787 problems will impact Boeing with key customers.

The 100th A380

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Airbus announced it has delivered its 100th A380.  This is a big milestone in any program and, given the way new airplane programs go these days, a milestone calling for a celebratory moment.  The A380 program seems to have settled into a rhythm with steady progress.  Airbus’ VLA program got off to a rocky start and settled down just as the first in a series of industry hiccups came along; oil price spikes, terror and financial meltdown.   Not a great time to be selling over $300m items.   Airbus also had to deal with a few A380 news items that caught attention; QF32 and the follow on wing structural part that needed replacing.

Yet the program has kept plowing ahead. There have been repeat orders from numerous customers. Big names like Emirates, Singapore and now Lufthansa.  This is clearly an endorsement of the program.  Passengers who have flown the airplane seem to like it a lot and this is something Airbus has been thrilled to share.

Boeing’s 747-8I has not seen orders like the A380.  Then again the 747-8F has been selling slowly while there is no A380F.  Boeing argues that the 747-8 remains a more efficient airframe because it can carry payloads at a higher density.  For example, Airbus places crew rest below the floor, taking up space that could be sold as freight or used to carry passengers’ baggage.  Boeing uses the roof for crew rest and they argue this is more space efficient.

Lufthansa is the only airline flying both 747-8I and A380 won’t compare the two airplanes publicly.   They just say both are doing well.  But they have ordered more A380s and slowed 747-8I deliveries.  Read into that whatever you want.  We don’t think this necessarily sends a signal.  Our view is that the 747-8I and A380 are not really comparable.  Lufthansa does not use these airplanes on the same routes.

Its great to see the A380 program hit this milestone.  The VLA market looks like a niche though, especially if you discount Emirates’ view of the world.

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